When a wedding is depicted in a
Hollywood movie, it always seems as if the groom just kind of appears from some secret side door and
stands in front of a priest or some kind of officiate. The bride floats down an aisle,
flanked on either side by rows of guests seated on benches or chairs, on the
arm of her father; following a procession of some 15 bridesmaids in identical,
horrific dresses.
Bizarrely, the mother of the
bride is always shown sitting by herself on one side of the aisle, with tears
of happiness streaming down her face. In contrast, the groom’s parents
are left to their own devices on the other side of the aisle.
The guests, as I understand,
are seated according to their connection to the happy couple: either on “the
groom’s side” or “the bride’s side” of the aisle. This is NOT how a Jewish wedding is organized and
weddings in Israel are even less similar.
In this article, I want to
discuss how the bride and groom walk
down the aisle at an Orthodox
Jewish wedding. Other parts of a Jewish wedding ceremony will be discussed in
future articles.
Firstly and by definition, a
Jewish wedding is a communal
event. The wedding is designed this way so that the marriage, and
consequently the unavailability of the bride and groom to anyone else, become
immediate public knowledge.
Why do we accompany the bride
and groom to the Chuppah?
The tradition of accompanying
the bride and the groom to the Chuppah is based on variety of social and
religious customs, viewpoints and attitudes. However, there seems to be a
common basis or way of thinking that connects all these traditions and they
include:
(1) It is said that Ha’shem accompanied
Chava down to the Chuppah, when she married Adam. From this belief grew the idea of
accompanying the bride and groom to their Chuppah.
and
(2) Just as a king and queen are always
surrounded by an entourage as a symbol of their importance, so the bride and
groom, who are considered as a king and queen on their wedding day, must be
surrounded and accompanied by an entourage. This entourage includes the
perspective parents of the bride and groom, their closest relatives and
friends.
Before the creation of Wedding
Halls, weddings took place in the village’s or city’s open court yard or any
area that could hold a large gathering. The entire community of that
village or city would join together and accompany the bride and groom down to
the Chuppah.
At the head of these
processions would be the parents of the bride and of the groom. Either
each set of parents accompanied their own child or the mothers accompanied the
bride and the fathers accompanied the groom. Orphans would many times
be accompanied to their Chuppah by prominent members of the community to help
illustrate the importance of the mitzvot of Hachnasat Kallah and Mesa'meach Chatan
V’Kallah.
There is no ‘right way’ to
accompany the bride and groom. Each family has its own custom.
In weddings held outside of Israel, all the guests are usually seated on either side of an aisle
leading up to the Chuppah either wherever they wish or one side of the aisle is
reserved for women, while the other side of the aisle is reserved for
men. Usually the first row or two of seats, closest to the Chuppah, are
reserved for older guests, so they can see the ceremony more easily.
Grandparents and great
grandparents usually stand under the Chuppah with the rest of the family, but
they can also be seated in those front rows. In general, in Israel, there
are only two or three rows of chairs (at most),
reserved for people who will find standing during the Chuppah ceremony too much
of a burden. Everyone
else stands around the
Chuppah during the entire ceremony, thus the idea of an “aisle” disappears as
soon as the bride and groom are standing under the Chuppah.
 |
| Procession without an aisle in Israel |
The idea of a Jewish wedding procession has
no true basis in Jewish tradition. The idea of bridesmaids and flower
girls has been adopted into some Jewish weddings in one form or other, but it
does not have the importance or significance it has in gentile weddings.
Who accompanies the bride and groom?
ONLY the
bride and groom and their procession to the Chuppah are
important. The procession begins with the groom, as he is lead down the aisle
either by his parents or both fathers and his closest friends and male
relatives. Once he and, usually, those who walked down with him are
standing under the Chuppah, it’s the bride’s turn. She may walk down the
aisle, flanked by either her parents or both mothers and by close friends.
As she is lead down to the Chuppah, she may also recite prayers for
people in need.
 |
| Procession of groom with the fathers and friends |
 |
| Candles in holders with ribbons and flowers |
Many Ashkenazi families have the minhag of the parents or mothers/fathers accompanying the bride and groom to the Chuppah to hold specially designed glass holders with lit candles in their hands. Sometimes they hold simple long havdala candles with a “handle” of tin foil to prevent hot wax from dripping on their hands.
 |
| Procession of bride with the mothers and friends |
I have heard and read many reasons for this
minhag; from lighting the way to the Chuppah to the gematria for the Hebrew
word "aish" (fire) and the Hebrew words for "man" and "woman" and so on. My
feeling is that since nearly all weddings took place outside and in the
evening, candles were needed to light the way for everyone. As time went
on and weddings began to take place indoors, the idea of 'lighting the
way' for the Chatan and Kallah was preserved as part of the larger ceremony.
Under the Chuppah
Depending on the size of the actual Chuppah,
the people that will stand under the Chuppah, in addition to the bride and the groom and the Rabbi, are the parents, brothers and sisters, grandparents and
many times close friends. The witnesses and other honoraries usually stand to
the side of the Chuppah, but that is the topic of future articles.
Once everyone is standing under the Chuppah,
the wedding ceremonies formally begin. I will discuss these ceremonies
and rituals in future articles.
Do you have questions about a Jewish wedding,
its customs, traditions and practices? Please feel free to contact me today!
